When someone dies, emotions often run high.

If a Will seems unfair or out of character, you may consider challenging it — but in Scotland this is a formal legal process with strict rules, time limits, and evidence requirements.

Grounds for Contesting a Will

A Will can be challenged only on specific legal grounds:

1. Invalidity – The person lacked mental capacity, was unduly influenced, or the Will was not properly signed or witnessed.
   
2. More Recent Will – A later valid Will exists and should take precedence.
   
3. Error – A mistake in the Will changes its meaning or fails to reflect the person’s intentions.
   

Feeling a Will is “unfair” is not enough on its own.

The Process in Brief

1. Seek legal advice early – Time limits apply and evidence is easier to gather sooner.
   
2. Collect evidence – Such as medical records, earlier Wills, or witness statements.
   
3. Notify the executor – To avoid the estate being distributed before the claim is resolved.
   
4. Try to resolve it – Negotiation or mediation may avoid court.Collect evidence – Such as medical records, earlier Wills, or witness statements.
   
5. Court action – If agreement isn’t possible, the Sheriff Court decides whether the Will stands.
   

Difference Between Claiming Legal Rights and Contesting a Will in Scotland

Although both can affect how an estate is divided, claiming legal rights and contesting a Will are different.

Claiming Legal Rights

• For spouses, civil partners, and children only.
  
• A fixed share of the moveable estate (money, investments, possessions).
  
• Applies whether or not a Will exists.
  
• Made directly to the executor, no court action required.
  
• Must be claimed within 20 years of death, ideally before the estate is distributed.
  

Contesting a Will

• Challenges the validity of the Will itself.
  
• Open to anyone with a legal interest in the estate.
  
• Requires a court action — usually an “action for reduction.”
  

If successful, the Will is set aside and an earlier valid Will or intestacy rules apply.

Time Limits

• Legal rights claims – up to 20 years from death, but best made before the estate is distributed.
  
• Court challenges – no fixed statutory limit, but delay can make proving a case harder.

Emotional and Practical Considerations

Contesting a Will can be stressful, costly, and time-consuming.

Family relationships may be affected, and success is not guaranteed.

Be clear about your reasons and consider whether negotiation or mediation could achieve a better outcome than going to court.